Evaluasi Unjuk Kerja Turbin Air Pelton Terbuat Dari Kayu Dan Bambu Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Ramah Lingkungan Untuk Pedesaan (Performance Evaluation of Hydraulic Pelton Turbine Made of Wood and Bamboo as Environmentally Friendly Electric Generation)

摘要

The use of hydroenergy in Indonesia, especially for small electric generation in rural areas is still to be priority increased in a program to find a clean and environmentally friendly energy. The use is still limited by relatively high investation cost and appropriate technology. Government has pushed the use of new and renewable energy through the Village Self-Relliant Energy Supply Program by using potential and available resources in the village. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a hydraulic Pelton turbine for small electric generation with the buckets are made of bamboo and the runner is made of wood. Data collected from the study show that the efficiency of the generation is capable to be in about 28% for the flow rate of 28 liter/s and effective head of 7 m by using nozel which has a rectangular cross section. Although the use of bamboo as turbine buckets is technicality and environmentally good and it is suitable to be operated in villages but the performance achievement is still need to be increased compared to that of usual Pelton turbine wich is made of metal. This was predicted due to the natural curve profile of the bamboo which is not optimal fit for buckets and the cross sectional geometry of the nozel is still need to be fitted.